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Lot # 662 - Ostrogothic Italy. Non-Regal Bronze Issue from the time of Theoderic and Athalaric. AE Follis. Early to mid 6th century. 'Countermarked' early Imperial bronze issue. XLII (mark of value = 42 Nummi) cut into obverse of AE As of Claudius. Obv. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR [...]. Bare head of Claudius left, XLII cut behind. Rev. LIBERTAS AVGVSTA SC. Libertas, draped, standing front, head right, holding pileus in her right hand and extending her left. For undertype, cf. Claudius RIC I (2nd ed.) 113. AE. 9.89 g. 31.00 mm. R. Rare and interesting, brown patina with malachite spots. Undertype Good F; mark of value. Good VF. These countermarked issues have long been considered as made in Vandalic North Africa, but the hoard evidence and the results of the latest studies makes it seem that they were, in fact, made in the Ostrogothic Italy, and were in use there during the first quarter or first half of the 6th century (Cf, NAC, May 1993, 457). The mark of value XLII refer to a twelfth of a silver unit valued at 500 nummi, which itself amount to the 24th fraction of a gold solidus valued at 12,000 nummi. (Cf. Grierson, MEC, p.28-31). These are not countermarked coins in the usual sense of word, since the LXII figure was not punched or stamped with a single instrument, but seems to have been cut or incised with several chisel strokes. (C. Morrisson,1983). J. Friedlander suggested that for the more finely incised series the pieces were certainly softened by fire in order to be able to engrave more easily the deep and crude strokes. (“Die Erwerbungen des Konigl. Munzkabinets vom 1.Jan.1877 bis 31 Marz 1878” ZfN VI, 1879, p.1-26). Such crude workmanship seem to point to the markings being done by private persons, at least in the case of the most anomalous countermarks. While for the more finely incised countermarks – like our outstanding example – the role of some official authority cannot be excluded. (C. Morrisson). Tentatively, Morrisson suggests that an official practice of marking and re-issuing older bronzes was followed with varying success by private individuals as and when they came into possession of similar pieces. The only paper devoted solely to these countermarked coins is : Morrisson, C. “The re-use of obsolete coins : the case of Roman imperial bronzes revived in the late fifth century” in: ed. C.N.L. (Brooke et al. Studies in Numismatic Method presented to Philip Grierson, Cambridge 1983).XLVI, 487.
Amazing Lombardic Tremissis
Lot # 666 - The Lombards, Lombardy. Time of Authari-Agilulf (c. 568-690 AD). AV Tremissis. Pseudo-Imperial Coinage. In the name of Maurice Tiberius (582-602), c. 582-690 AD. Obv. Blundered legend. Pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right. Annular border in high relief. Rev. Blundered legend. Victory standing facing, holding globus cruciger in left hand and wreath in right; COIIOI in exergue. Annular border in high relief. MEC 1, 305-6; BMC Vandals 23 (Agilulf). AV. 1.31 g. 22.50 mm. RR. The letters of the legends validate that this coin is an imitation of Maurice Tiberius' tremissis struck at the Ravenna mint. This type, with its larger flan, was resumed after the period of Cunipert . Very rare, sharply struck and superb. Broad unclipped flan. EF. The Lombards were a Germanic people who were known since the time of Tacitus. By the early sixth century the Lombards had settled in Pannonia, and adopted the Arian religion. In AD 568/9, the Lombards began to invade Italy and quickly took control of the region from the Alps to the Po valley (later known as Lombardy), and established their capital at Pavia in AD 571 under their king, Alboin. Following the death of his successor in AD 574, the dukes could not agree on a new king, resulting in an interregnum of ten years. During this interval, two other independent Lombard duchies were founded in Spoleto and Benevento. With the exception of Liutprand (AD 712-744), the kings of Lombardy were weak and ineffectual, and the kingdom was finally crushed by Charlemagne in AD 774. The Lombards of Benevento thrived under its first dukes, Zotto and Arichis (AD 571-641), and its control expanded to the whole of southern Italy except Apulia and Calabria. Afterward, attacks from Lombardy, followed by the Carolingians, Byzantines, Papal States, and finally the Arab invaders, kept Benevento on the defensive, and its power waned. A civil war following the murder of Sicard in AD 839 resulted in the breakup of the greater duchy, and a number of insignificant Lombard dukes intermittently ruled over a greatly reduced Benevento until the mid-eleventh century. Like Benevento, the Lombard duchy of Spoleto was constantly assailed from all sides, and lost its independence after falling to Charlemagne in AD 776. Unlike Lombardy and Benevento, Spoleto has no known coinage. (Triton XI, 2006, 1074 note).

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