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Lot # 722 - Damietta. John of Brienne, King (1210-1212), Regent (1212-1225). BI Denier. Obv. Patent cross; annulets in second and third quarter. Rev. Head facing with curled hair and wearing crown with three pellets. Malloy 43; Schl. pl. III, 31; Metcalf 203/205. BI. 0.73 g. 17.00 mm. R. Good VF. John de Brienne minted billon deniers associated with the Fifth Crusade, when he was the leader of the Palestinian forces and Damietta was occupied (1219-1221). During preparations for the Fifth Crusade in 1217, it was decided that Damietta should be the focus of attack because of its strategical position. Control of Damietta meant control of the Nile, and from there the crusaders believed they would be able to conquer Egypt and then the Palestine and Jerusalem. After the siege of Damietta of 1218–1219, the port was occupied by the Crusaders. In 1221 the Crusaders attempted to march to Cairo, but were destroyed by the combination of nature and Muslim defenses. Damietta was also the object of the Seventh Crusade, led by Louis IX of France. His fleet arrived there in 1249 and quickly captured the fort, which he refused to hand over to the nominal king of Jerusalem, to whom it had been promised during the Fifth Crusade. However, having been taken prisoner with his army in April 1250, Louis was obliged to surrender Damietta as ransom. Hearing that Louis was preparing a new crusade, the Mamluk Sultan Baibars, in view of the importance of the town to the Crusaders, destroyed it in 1251 and rebuilt it with stronger fortifications a few kilometers from the river in the early 1260s, making the mouth of the Nile at Damietta impassable for ships.
Lot # 753 - Frankish Greece, Naxos. Giovanni I Sanudo (1341-1362). BI Denier. Obv. Head facing. Rev. Patent cross. Malloy 129; Schl. pl. XIII, 28; Metcalf -; Papadopoli, RIN (1895), p. 464 1-2. BI. 0.43 g. 13.00 mm. RRRR. Marginal fissure of the flan. Of the highest rarity. Apparently never offered in public sale. VF. In 1027 Marco Sanudo, nephew of the venetian doge, seized Naxos, the chief island of the cyclades. He took Paros, Melos, Siphnos, Kythnos and Syros for himself and obtained the Ghisi of Tenos and Mykonos, the Quirini of Stampilia, the Barozzi of Thera and the Foscoli of Anaphe as his vassals. He received also from the emperor Henry of Constantinople the title of duke of the Aegean Sea. The Sanudo family became very important in the latin east and in the Archipelago. Marino Sanudo the Elder (c.1274-1343), the author of the Secreta Fidelium Crucis, was a descendant of this family and travelled extensively throughout the Levant at this period. Nicolò Sanudo (1323-1341) has been the first who issued coins for the archipelago. After several issues related to the domain of the reign, since neither the Angevins nor the Venetians could offer effective aid, Nicolò swore allegiance to byzantine emperor Andrincus III Palaeologus, who helped him obtain a truce with the Turks in 1332. Nicolò's Sanudo brother, Giovanni, succeeded him on his death in 1341. Giovanni obtained the suzerainty of Venice and arranged a marriage for his daughter Fiorenza with Giovanni Dalle Carceri of Euboea. At the death of Giovanni, once the rule of the duchy moved to Nicolò II dalle Carceri, the Archipelago come soon after under control of the House of Crispo and remained until 1576 when the Turks took direct control over the island.

Results from 1 to 57 of 57