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Banner Artemide LIX
Lot # 731 - Majorian (457-461). AE 14 mm. Mediolanum mint. Obv. [DN MAIO]RIANVS PF AVG. Pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev. VICTORIA [AVG]G. Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm branch; in exergue, [M]D. RIC X 2641-2644. AE. 1.83 g. 14.00 mm. Scarce. In excellent condition for issue, well centred on unusually regular flan. About VF. Julius Valerius Majorian owned his name to his maternal grandfather, who had been magister militum in Illyricum in the 370s. He had himself served with distinction under Aetius, and in 455 he was considered a possible successor of Valentinian III. Presumably, when he and Ricimer deposed Avitus in October 456, it was intended that he should succeed him, but according to Sidonius Apollinaris, who knew him personally, he was reluctant to assume the burden, and an interregnum of six months followed during which he and Ricimer were in fact masters of the West but the Emperors were nominally Marcian and, after January 457, Leo. Even after he had been proclaimed emperor by the army outside Rome on 1st April 457, he continued to call himself no more than magister militum, and he was not proclaimed at Ravenna until 28 December 457. Just as Avitus had not been acceptable in Italy, so Majorian was not acceptable in Gaul. In 458 he led an army of German mercenaries into the Rhone valley, made himself master of Lyon, which had accepted a Burgundian garrison, and having defeated the Visigoths outside Arles, he compelled them to come to terms. But his Gallic successes in 458/9 were followed by misfortunes in Spain in 460/1. Two naval expeditions planned against Gaiseric met with disaster, and he was forced to return to Italy with no accomplishment to his credit. Such successes as he had had, however, aroused the suspicions of Ricimer: Majorian, who had deserved better things, was seized by treachery at Tortona on 2 August, deposed, and beheaded five days later. AE4 were struck under Majorian at Milan, Ravenna and Rome […] The coins of all three mints are larger and substantially heavier than any Western bronze coins had been since the reign of Honorius. Lacam (1988, 220) has suggested that these unusually high weights are to be explained by Ricimer's need for betterc coin to offer Gundobald's mercenaries when preparing for his campaign against the Vandals, but it is difficult to immagine any troops being satisfied with such miserable scraps of metal. (Grierson-Mays 'Catalogue of Late Roman Coin in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection', Washington, 1992, pp. 250-252).
Amazing Lombardic Tremissis.
Lot # 747 - Lombardic Italy. Authari (584-590) to Agilulf (590-615). AV Tremissis in the name of Maurice Tiberius (582-602) struck c. 584-615 AD, Lombardy. Obv. DN mΛVI -TIbPPVI. Bust of Maurice Tiberius right, beardless, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass; before, S. Annular border in high relief. Rev. VICTORIAΛVIVITIIORIIV. Victory advancing to front, looking left; in right, wreath; in left, globus cruciger; in right field, cross. In exergue, IONOIR. Annular border in high relief. Cf. MEC 1, 305-6 (not S in obverse field); cf. Wroth 129, 26 and pl. XVIII, 24 (same);cf. Arslan 21 (same); cf. Bernareggi 155 and note, about letters in fields. AV. 1.47 g. 22.00 mm. RRR. Extremely rare, sharply struck and superb. Broad unclipped flan. EF. With label of Claude Burgan Numismatique (classified Bernareggi 155). The Lombards were a Germanic people who were known since the time of Tacitus. By the early sixth century the Lombards had settled in Pannonia, and adopted the Arian religion. In AD 568/9, the Lombards began to invade Italy and quickly took control of the region from the Alps to the Po valley (later known as Lombardy), and established their capital at Pavia in AD 571 under their king, Alboin. Following the death of his successor in AD 574, the dukes could not agree on a new king, resulting in an interregnum of ten years. During this interval, two other independent Lombard duchies were founded in Spoleto and Benevento. With the exception of Liutprand (AD 712-744), the kings of Lombardy were weak and ineffectual, and the kingdom was finally crushed by Charlemagne in AD 774. The Lombards of Benevento thrived under its first dukes, Zotto and Arichis (AD 571-641), and its control expanded to the whole of southern Italy except Apulia and Calabria. Afterward, attacks from Lombardy, followed by the Carolingians, Byzantines, Papal States, and finally the Arab invaders, kept Benevento on the defensive, and its power waned. A civil war following the murder of Sicard in AD 839 resulted in the breakup of the greater duchy, and a number of insignificant Lombard dukes intermittently ruled over a greatly reduced Benevento until the mid-eleventh century. Like Benevento, the Lombard duchy of Spoleto was constantly assailed from all sides, and lost its independence after falling to Charlemagne in AD 776. Unlike Lombardy and Benevento, Spoleto has no known coinage. (Triton XI, 2006, 1074 note).