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Banner Artemide LIX
Impressive Romulus Quirinus
Lot # 475 - C. Memmius. AR Denarius, 56 BC. Obv. Laureate and bearded head of Romulus Quirinus right; before, C·MEMMI·C·F; behind, QVIRINVS. Rev. MEMMIVS·AED·CERIALIA·PREIMVS·FECIT. Ceres seated right, holding torch and corn ear; at her feet, snake. Cr. 427/2; B. (Memmia) 9. AR. 3.77 g. 19.00 mm. Great metal and broad flan. A superb example, perfectly centred and detailed, brilliant with underlying luster and golden hues. Good EF. The obverse relates to the claimed origin of the gens Memmia from the Trojan Menestheus, through Romulus. The reverse (as well the previous obverse) refers to the Institution at Rome of the Ludi Cereales, festivals celebrated at Rome in honour of Ceres. 'In B.C. 493 the worship of Demeter (under the name of the old Italian goddess Ceres) was introduced at Rome by the direction of the keepers of the Sibylline books, and a temple was built in her honour (aedes Cereris Liberi Liberaeque, usually called aedes Cereris) near the Circus Maximus. The ritual was entirely Greek, the priestesses were Greeks, and the prayers offered were in Greek . In connexion with this worship, games were instituted under the direction of the plebeian aediles. The festival was properly a plebeian one, but the patricians were invited to take part in it . At first the games were held only on extraordinary occasions , but afterwards they were celebrated annually from the 12th to the 19th of April, the last day being called especially the Cerialia. This spring festival was intended to commemorate the return of Proserpine to earth; hence all who took part in it were dressed in white. No bloody sacrifice was permitted, except that of a sow; the offerings consisted of cakes, honey, and incense. It was celebrated with games in the circus, but with no scenic representations before the time of Augustus. On the last day there was in the country a procession round the fields , in the town a procession to the circus'. (A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. William Smith, LLD. William Wayte. G. E. Marindin. Albemarle Street, London. John Murray. 1890).
From Este Collection (?)
Lot # 480 - Man. Acilius Glabrio. AR Denarius, 49 BC. Obv. Laureate head of Salus right; behind, SALVTIS upwards; before neck, oval shallow impression where - very probably -Este countermark (eagle) was previously inlaid. Rev. MN ACILIVS III VIR VALETV. Valetudo standing left, leaning against column and holding serpent. Cr. 442/1a; B. 8. AR. 4.02 g. 19.00 mm. Outstanding state of preservation, with underlying luster. Intriguing circular space for inlay (?). This round fits with the prestigious eagle collector's mark of the Este Family, probably lost in antique. We are certain that the mark on the obverse field is not compatible with a banker's mark. Some weakness and light graffiti on obverse right field, otherwise. good EF. The silver eagle collector's mark previously inlaid 'on the obverse of this and a number of other Roman imperial coins has generated much speculation regarding its owner. Originating with Cavedoni (Atti e Memorie Accademia di Scienze, Lettere, ed Arti [1825]), who based his assumptions on an earlier statement of Maffei and the vague assertion of Eckhel, this mark was assigned to the d'Este family, a wealthy and powerful Renaissance family from the Emilia-Romana region of Italy, whose badge included an eagle. Such an attribution contradicted earlier numismatists, including Spanheim (Dissertationes de praestantia et usu Numismatum antiquorum [1717]), who asserted it was the mark of the Gonzagas, the rulers of Mantua, a city with an important ancient Roman connection (it had been the poet Vergil's birthplace). In 1433, the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund granted Gian Francesco Gonzaga (1395-1444), the first Marquis, with the privilege of new coat-of-arms, which contained an imperial eagle badge. This device was included on the town's silver coinage for the next two centuries. Simonetta and Riva (QT VIII [1979]) revisited the controversy, concluding the mark was that of the Gonzaga family. Such a mark served to inventory the piece to their collection, which, from the extant inventory, included a number of important Roman coins. Beginning in 1628, these coins were dispersed in order to fund the family's political and territorial ambitions. In their follow-up article (QT XII [1983]), Simonetta and Riva presented a heretofore unknown 1653-1654 French narrative (Voyage d'Italie curieux et nouveau [Lyons, 1681]), as further evidence of the Gonzaga connection. Writing of his visit to Mantua, the author, Jean Huguetan, speaks of the coin collection having already been dispersed; these coins, however, can be recognized 'by a small eagle with which they have been stamped (à une petite aigle dont on les avoit marquées). This statement supports Spanheim's later one regarding similar coins (ex insculpta in iis, Gonzagarum insigni, Aquila) in the possession of the d'Este dukes of Modena. While the d'Este had since married into the Gonzaga and had acquired specimens in early dispersal of the Mantuan collection, they have no more specific association with this collector's mark.' (CNG 69, 2005, 1543 note).
The Rostra in the Forum
Lot # 497 - Lollius Palicanus. AR Denarius, 45 BC. Obv. Head of Liberty right; behind, LIBERTATIS. Rev. View of the Rostra in the Forum surmounted by a sella; above, PALIKANVS. Cr. 473/1; B. 2. AR. 3.90 g. 18.00 mm. R. A choice example of this rare and very interesting issue, sharply struck, brilliant and superb. About EF/EF. The Rostra is the name of the great speaker's platform in the Forum, from which speakers addressed crowds, and from this platform many of the great and famous speeches in Roman history were delivered. Initially, it was constructed as a flat-topped platform (suggestus) forming part of the large, round Comitium (an area in front of the Curia where speakers would address the whoever was assembled). Typically, a speaker's platform is called a tribunal, but after Duilius won Rome's first major naval victory against Antium in 338 BCE, six bronze prows of enemy ships were attached to the front of the speaker's platform as trophies; the Latin for prows is rostra, and the name became used for the entire structure. In 260 BCE, C. Duilius Nepos defeated the Carthagians at Mylae, and replaced or supplemented the original prows with new ones from ships captured in that battle. Eventually, decorative prows that were not from actual ships were specially constructed for the platform itself. In his plans to rebuild the Curia, which burned down in 52 BCE, Caesar planned to detach the Rostra from the Comitium and reconstruct the platform along the main axis of the Forum. This project was eventually carried out under Augustus. This new orientation turned the Rostra into the northwest border of the Forum Romanum, from which one would see a panorama of the Forum toward the eastern border, formed by the Temple of Caesar, the Temple of Vesta and the Palatine, and the Temple of Castor. At the back of the Rostra, curved steps led up to the top; the top became so cluttered with statues and memorials, that the Senate several times declared that the owners had to remove them or they would be hauled away! The sides were topped by balustrades with some interesting reliefs, but the front was mostly open. There is a famous relief showing the Rostra with the emperor Trajan participating in a public ceremony. Pliny tells of a crow that used to sit on the Rostra and greet the Emperor Tiberius by name.