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Group IV Tetradrachm
Lot # 134 - Continental Greece. Attica, Athens. AR Tetradrachm, c. 475-465 BC. Obv. Helmeted head of Athena right, with frontal eye, wearing earring, [necklace with pendants], and crested Attic helmet decorated with three olive leaves over visor. Rev. AΘE. Owl standing right, head facing, with spread tail feathers; olive sprig and crescent to left; all within incuse square. HGC 4 1595; Starr Group IV; Svoronos, Monnaies, pl. 9, 8–12; SNG Lockett 1837; Rhousopoulos 1970.. AR. 16.66 g. 25.00 mm. An attractive example of this interesting issue. Charming small owl in the incuse square, perfectly centred. Nicely toned with iridescent hues on reverse. Slightly rough obverse surfaces, otherwise good VF/About EF. Chester Starr arranged Athens’ coinage from ca. 480 until the mid 5th century into five groups, and his chronology is still widely accepted today (although the dating of his Group V coins is now considered too late). By the time of Starr’s Group IV, production of tetradrachms had steadily increased and the uptick in the number of required dies (and engravers) necessitated a greater standardization of style. On the obverse, the head of Athena changes little from Starr’s Group III – the goddess has a bold profile and retains her “archaic smile”; the hair on her forehead is arranged in two waves, with somewhat greater uniformity than previous periods; and on her helmet, her leaves float above the visor (sometimes referred to as a “laurel wreath,” these leaves were first introduced after the victory over the Persians in 480/79 BC). On the reverse, the owl’s rear leg is often stretched back, and her tail is split into three flared feathers. Owls of this period are generally smaller than those depicted on later issues, as is the size of the letters comprising the ethnic. (Triton XXII,2019,208 note).
The Juda Iscariot's Price.
Lot # 152 - Greek Asia. Phoenicia, Tyre. AR Tetradrachm-Shekel, Lifetime of Christ issue, dated CY 150 (24-25 AD). Obv. Head of Melkart right, wearing laurel wreath. Rev. TYPOY IEPAΣ KAI AΣYΛOY. Eagle standing left [on prow], palm frond in background; to left, PN (date) above club; to right, KP above monogram; Phoenician l letter between legs. Cf. DCA-Tyre 518; HGC 10, 357; cf. Hendin 1618. AR. 14.21 g. 27.00 mm. R. Rare and intriguing. Bold date. Prettily toned, with iridescent hues. Good VF. Matthew 26:15-16, 27:3, and 27:5-6 describe how thirty silver coins were promised to Judas Iscariot to betray Jesus and how, after his deed had been done, Judas sank into remorse and cast aside the coins he had received as his bounty. It is generally accepted that the coins paid to Judas were shekels from the mint of Tyre. At this time in history Tyre was the only producer of high-purity silver coins in the region, and it is unlikely that any other coin – including Roman tetradrachms, which were of debased silver – would have served the purpose described. Indeed, at this time Jews paid their annual half-shekel contribution to the Jerusalem Temple in its only accepted form – silver coins of Tyre. Our exampe is dated to the 150th year of the city of Tyre, equating A.D. 24 or 25; as such, it could have circulated in Jerusalem in the year of the Crucifixion. "The minting place of the Tyre sheqels has been a subject of discussion since Meshorer's revolutionary concept, published in 1982, that Herod the Great and the authorities at the Jerusalem Temple feared a cessation of minting in Tyre, and transferred this issue to a mint in Jerusalem in around 19/18 BCE. At this time, Meshorer observed, the letters KAP, shortened to KP after the first few years, appeared on virtually all of the Tyre sheqels, where various initials or monograms had appeared on earlier coins. He suggested the letters KP abbreviated Kratos Romaion (power of the Romans). One of Meshorer's principal arguments was based on the decline in style of Tyre sheqels of the later type. He believed this degradation was due to the lack of skill of Jewish mintmasters, not to mention their disinterest in the pagan designs that they treated with disdain. He referred to them as barbaric and clunky, and suggested their smaller, thicker shape hinted they were direct predecessors to the thick sheqels struck by the Jews during the Jewish War." (Guide to Biblical coins, David Hendin, p479, 2010 AD). Despite Meshorer, see "Tyrian Shekels: the myth of the Jerusalem Mint" by Brooks Levy in SAN - Journal of the Society for Ancient Numismatics (Vol.XIX, No.2, 1995), pp.33-35, for further explanation of this attribution and its problems.